La Stampa 08/19/2006 Tuttolibri
Edoardo Sanguineti With the rediscovery of a classic Twilight 900 The poet died in August of ninety years ago, a short life suspended between dream and irony
Bruno Quaranta
ninety years ago, on August 9, via Cibrario in Turin, it turned out the candle gozzaniana. In Turin («... are my dear as the maid / that saw me born ") Gozzano was born in 1883. Rest of garlic, since 1951 in the Church of San Gaudenzio. "Reporter" translation was the Franco Antonicelli: "... the song of elegy with which Gozzano closed the doors of the nineteenth century comes to us yet with the gentleness with which he cradled the dreams." Dream and irony, the emblems of a short life, just thirty years. The cradle of a witness to classic literary risen gradually. Edoardo Sanguineti has provided an essential contribution to that effect. Returning to the twilight item - packed in long narrow horizons - the authentic tone.
Gozzano disappears on the day of the taking of Gorizia. He who, in "Rain in August," complains, "La Patria? God? Humanity? Words / t'han fact that the rhetoricians nauseose !...». A bizarre coincidence ... "Yet the last Gozzano undergoes a sort unfortunate conversion, he dannunziana so aware of inauthenticity. In front of the Libyan war, and later, the Great War, there looms the yield. Back in '13, La Stampa, he confessed: "I found the country, one thing as another, to whom to love." No, not just the spirits of warriors programmatically as the futurists wear a helmet and take to the trenches. The only one who will resist Palazzeschi. Oppose the interventionist nationalism and Papini Soft on Lacerba, 1914: "I now have peace". "
Gozzano, say Montale, begged God to free him from "syphilis d'Annunzio." Save himself, save those who will follow him, Montale in the first place ... And 'this is his main subject?
"So Montale Gozzano law. After "the living thing" that has breached the mythology with the irony of D'Annunzio is finally possible to tone down, turn its back on the rhetoric. Here Eusebius song, in Bones, in the "Lemons", the poem that opens them, the poet laureate, encircled with laurel, "the Laurel Award of the man / that between the clash of conches s'esalta" in "Miss Felicita," remembers Alcyone.
The other author of Montale, then, Alb ...
"It is no coincidence. Gozzano and Svevo, there to represent the mythology dell'inetto, ineptitude. Among the "'imbecillità 'Svevo's character" and that merciless look at himself and Toto Merúmeni: "Frosty, aware of himself and his wrongs, / is not bad. And 'good that mocked the Nietzsche: ... in truth, I despise the inept they say / good, why has no ugne strong enough ..."». Poetry, poetry workshop, as a defeat in terms of vitality and as a privilege, and pride. "
Montale spugneggia Gozzano that 'the wall that has sharp shards on top of the bottle "of" Noon "evoking" the countless shards of glass on top of antiquated "of" Miss Happiness "... There is a line in the poem gozzaniana our local, so far?
"There are, today, traces twilight. That prosaismo accompanied by ambitious lyrical and emotional ... You may recognize some grass in a some judges in some Raboni.
There is a link between red ants and black red and blacks and clerics Gozzano Montale? A rejection of these and those, on the side of those who prezzolinianamente "not drink"?
"We are cautious. There are so seductive as verbal connections exposed to short-circuit. But see in Gozzano and Montale dell'impartecipazione the uniform, the vocation to be a part for themselves, it is not unfair. "
A note on the poetry of Gozzano is "perplexity". "But you that raised almost rebellious / concerns to the twilight" ... In the "perplexity" is its modernity?
'Dusk it is the hour when the lights fade, and the moment when the lights rise, dawn, sunrise. Poetically, Gozzano is the interpreter of a traditional form (it is, loyal to the old ways), but not closed, in fact, subtly imbued with a critical, relentlessly subversive. "
Another feature: the anxiety to preserve all the "junk outcast, so dear to my Muse." What drives Gozzano to become "junk"?
"Gozzano manufactures obsolete, disguises of time - has a strong sense of time, however, no expression gozzaniana - things and souls (Carlotta, as that 'the essence' raises the coaches, the shawl, the crinoline). The time which tends to be dead, death is covered with illusions. "But let me dream!" Is the line that marks the path of retreat. The dream of winning a vulgar and tasteless reality. The real life is elsewhere, say Rimbaud. The trip to India, death to the cities, it is not him. " The classic
Gozzano talks with the classics. Dante, Petrarch, Leopardi, its rate is higher ... Who better than others?
"Statistically, Dante and Petrarch. Although not know them very well. Li and deepen them in unorthodox transactions assoggetterà of alienation. Scrollatesi off the liturgies D'Annunzio, will turn "freely" to the Fathers. Dante takes off guard, does not mention him to raise the style, tends to fall. So Petrarch, convened in Merúmeni Toto: "... not rich, now time to 'sell little words' / (Petrarca !...) and get his or barter ..."». Journals
you, in Luigi Vigliotti, Professor D'Azeglio in high school, is usually mentioned: "the first teacher in the study of poetry Gozzano. What led her to Grandma Hope?
"It 's a story unfolding. Fifties. The alumni association of the D'Azeglio asks me to give a lecture. I propose, as a theme, Montale. The oldest head in Vigliotti, figure highly intelligent, ironic, an enlightened conservative, I lead them to vary. Montale, Montale is, is alive and therefore lacks the sacred aura ... I suggest Gozzano Vigliotti. And I can live with not giving the original intention. "Goitre in Montale" I'll go. Giovanni Getto, of which I became a student, will host the Italian text reading. "
Gozzano and Turin: a report - she observed - between 'consent pathetic and critical detachment. " Or maybe something more bitter? Gozzano is it not a 'bomb' that reveals middle-class bourgeois soul, Boeotian, gossipy, bigoted?
"Gozzano is the celebrated in Turin. Incenses or not the rising city of Boccioni memory or the city of silence, a kind of reliquary. The reserve is now a robust hours affectionate irony resentment. Finally he reveals to public reasons, more relaxing, more affable, in prose. " Gozzano opposed to the city, which "greatly nausea," as he wrote to Ettore Colla, "the serenity canavesana 'garlic, Meleto, Villa Black Cherry ... What's noble about "provincial" in him? "Gozzano was naturally tuned to the provincial customs, also supported by a vivid sociological curiosity, consider the types thrown in the" Miss Felicita "means the pharmacist, Royal notary, the doctor, the mayor ... Does not hesitate to distance themselves from the city. Canavese is a station on the verge of exoticism that sets it apart. " Turin is the city that, through Debenedetti, Italy will unveil Read Proust. In Turin, Gozzano stands not as a Proustian perhaps ahead of its time? "The side Gozzano Proust's childhood experience is, dominant. Already approached the Life Alfieri, the first steps, the question arises: are we facing a Freud or Proust? ". Also
Proustian experience of the disease. Gozzano is consumptive as Gian Pietro Lucini, author of "Revolver, new revolver," further his passion. What they have in common?
"Lucini Gozzano did not like. The way to read the most, as the singer of the good things in bad taste. And then, unlike the ironic Gozzano, had a satirical step. "
Debenedetti on Proust's writing appears on the "Baretti." The Torino calendar from Gobetti in Bobbio, in a size relegherà Gozzano gianduiesca ('A is the question of nen piessla .. "as a manifesto of disengagement, indifference).
"Gozzano, it is undeniable, not" feel "the industrial revolution, not even touching the issues related to it. Moves out of the world. Who is the architect laboratory course or follower of the city warns. Different, silly, it would reduce Gozzano to a speck. " Who is picking up
Leone Ginzburg. In a letter to Charles Muscetta exclaim: "I think" Hard Labor "the most beautiful book of verse published in Italy to reveal a poet again in" The Way of refuge "»...
"Ginzburg, in Turin" civilian ", which stands out letters total. I think the juxtaposition of Hard Labor and The Way of the shelter to do it in a special way to draw attention to the poems of Pavese, in my opinion his most successful. So to point out the peculiarity and the strength of the Piedmont line. "
About Proust will say that "the lines are the meat of ideas." What are the "ideas" of songbook Gozzano?
"The songbook. Gozzano aspired to write it. It is a compact book, unius books, wrote it. He wanted to be the summary of a lifetime. Saw it as it unfolds rather, escaping the final formula. The 'idea'? Land to nature for fear of history. He who is on his back in the clover ...».
La Stampa 08/19/2006 Tuttolibri
Richard Sennett: The need for authority is primary, is emancipated from the power we always open with a speech about his legitimacy
Ermanno Bencivenga
Authority by Richard Sennett has the breath and charm of another era: when the criticism was part of sociology and social psychologists spoke of liberating and tactical needs. The era of Erving Goffman and RD Laing, and those who were able to calmly discuss the serious errors of communism instead of using it as a brutally bad word. Published in 1980, was to be the first of four essays on the emotional ties in modern society, the other texts would have to deal with loneliness, brotherhood and ritual. The project was not completed for reasons I do not know. But I can not think about the symbolic significance of that year, where on many hope maybe crazy, but human and seem passionate always fall for the night. Sartre died in 1980, Hitchcock and John Lennon, and the spectacular failure of Heaven's Gate closed the last great age of Hollywood, Reagan was elected in November. The suggested possible future utopia moderate Sennett suddenly became a pathetic past. The central idea of \u200b\u200bthe book is ambitious and controversial. This is the first study of the ambiguous and ambivalent role in the psyche of the individual and then to illuminate with the results thus achieved a political career. "The need for authority is primary," says Sennett, and confined to rebellion, rejection or a "fantasy Missing "has the effect of binding even more closely those affected. "The mere act of disobedience brings people together." A perverse mixture of resentment and complicity between the dominant and dominated covers the entire spectrum of manifestations of power in the modern world: from paternalism in which the leader claims to take care of his subjects or employees, denying the dignity of adult humans and causing often in them an 'unjustified' aggression, bureaucratic indifference of those who download any liability on impersonal rules and structures of the abstract and she is veiled reference to those rules and structures with sublime effect while manipulating the lives of anyone fall under its control. How to get out of this vicious circle and incest? "The crisis which led him to renounce the omnipotence of the authority has a defined structure. First there is the influence of the detachment. Then follows a reflexive question: what was under the influence of authority? ". Finally, "when we learned how to escape from the sphere of authority can be covered, with the sense of its limits and the awareness of how obedience commands could be processed in accordance to our actual needs of protection and reassurance." Without the initial 'release' is not released from the wishful thinking and without the exploration conscious of our role and that of others who do not give a tug on a rope whose knots forge ever stronger, made those two phases, we understand that you are not free from power with a single radical act, but with an endless challenge, a more open discourse about its legitimacy, its meaning and its borders. The main tools Sennett uses to arrive at these conclusions are Hegel's unhappy consciousness and the letter of Kafka to his father, neither the one nor the other, however, provides guidance on how to go beyond "a scenario intimate. " To extend a public dimension strategies with which they exorcise the ghosts of personal and family, Sennett has exposed his own, and does, with modest courage, in the penultimate chapter, which offers five ways, not just to break the "chain of command" but rather to subject it to a constant critical analysis. The first and most radical consists in requiring the use of the active form, when asking people to say "The decided that" instead of "It has been decided", followed by the use of non-rigid categories, willingness to delegate power aimed at achieving specific objectives, the exchange of direct negotiations on the role and the care that individuals need. For these (and certainly others) the way authority can be made visible and legible, and do not cause as much fear that we associate with the mystery and the unknown. It is infantile to think that the process is achieved once and for all, with final results. "The domain is necessary for a disease affecting the social structure. There is no way to cure the disease, we can only fight it. The modern anarchism should be seen as a deliberate confusion introduced into the building of power, this is difficult, uncomfortable and often bitter task of democracy. " A task which, in the last quarter century, we seem to be forgotten. Richard Sennett
Authority, Preface. Ota de Leonardis trad. S. d'Alessandro Bruno Mondadori pp. XXII-181, E18
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